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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anabasein</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Strukturformel
</th></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis skin-invert-image" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
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<td style="width:33%;">Name
</td>
<td>Anabasein
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td>
<p>3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridin (<a href="IUPAC-Nomenklatur" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC-Nomenklatur">IUPAC</a>)
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summenformel" title="Summenformel">Summenformel</a>
</td>
<td>C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N<sub>2</sub>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kurzbeschreibung
</td>
<td>
<p>braune ölige Flüssigkeit<sup id="cite_ref-TRC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">
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<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=3471-05-4">3471-05-4</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/18985">18985</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.17923.html">17923</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903288" class="extiw external" title="d:Q19903288">Q19903288</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>160,22 g·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>flüssig<sup id="cite_ref-TRC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-TRC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="06 – Giftig oder sehr giftig"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Giftig bei Verschlucken.">301</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Giftig bei Hautkontakt.">311</span></span></a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz/… tragen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">280</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Verschlucken: Bei Unwohlsein Giftinformationszentrum / Arzt / … anrufen.">301+312</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#Aufgehobene_Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; text-decoration:line-through; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Kontakt mit der Haut: Behutsam mit viel Wasser und Seife waschen.
(Mit Inkraftreten der „4. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Dezember 2014 wurde diese Kennzeichnung aufgehoben, sie findet sich jedoch noch in der zitierten Quelle)">302+350</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-TRC_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000 hPa).
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Anabasein</b> ist ein Alkaloid, das sich vom <a href="Bipyridin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipyridin">2,3'-Bipyridin</a> ableitet. Der Unterschied in der Struktur liegt hier ausschließlich im Hydrierungsgrad, einer der beiden Ringe ist zum Tetrahydropyridin hydriert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>
<div style="float:right; margin-left:1em;"></div>
<p>Zuerst gefunden wurde Anabasein (nachdem es schon als synthetisches Produkt bekannt war), im Gift des <a href="Schnurw%C3%BCrmer" title="Schnurwürmer">Schnurwurms</a> <i>Paranemertes peregrina</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es kommt aber auch in anderen Schnurwürmern, z. B. <i>Amphiporus lactifloreus</i> vor. Es dient dazu, die Beute (<a href="Ringelw%C3%BCrmer" title="Ringelwürmer">Ringelwürmer</a>) zu lähmen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Anabasein kommt außerdem im Gift mehrerer <a href="Ameisen" title="Ameisen">Ameisenarten</a> der Gattungen <i>Aphaenogaster</i> (u. a. <i>A. fulva</i>, <i>A. tennesseensis</i> und <i>A. rudis</i>) und <a href="Messor" title="Messor">Messor</a> vor.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zum Teil dient es auch als <a href="Pheromon" title="Pheromon">Pheromon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zudem kommt es in <i>Holoscotolemon lessiniense</i> (Ordnung <a href="Weberknechte" title="Weberknechte">Weberknechte</a>) vor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthese">Synthese</h2></div>
<p>Mehrere Synthesen für Anabasein sind bekannt. Eine basiert auf der <a href="Claisen-Kondensation" title="Claisen-Kondensation">Claisen-Kondensation</a> von <a href="Ethylnicotinat" title="Ethylnicotinat">Ethylnicotinat</a> und dem <i>N</i>-Diethylaminomethyl-Derivat des <a href="2-Pyridon" title="2-Pyridon">2-Pyridons</a> mit <a href="Natriumhydrid" title="Natriumhydrid">Natriumhydrid</a> in <a href="Toluol" title="Toluol">Toluol</a>. <a href="Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">Hydrolyse</a> des Produkts in heißer Säure führt durch <a href="Decarboxylierung" title="Decarboxylierung">Decarboxylierung</a> zum <a href="Hydrochloride" title="Hydrochloride">Dihydrochlorid</a> des Anabaseins.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Es ist strukturell verwandt mit <a href="Nicotin" title="Nicotin">Nicotin</a> und ist wie dieses ein <a href="Agonist_(Pharmakologie)" title="Agonist (Pharmakologie)">Agonist</a> <a href="Nikotinischer_Acetylcholinrezeptor" title="Nikotinischer Acetylcholinrezeptor">nikotinischer Acetylcholinrezeptoren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wirkt lähmend auf <a href="Insekten" title="Insekten">Insekten</a> und <a href="Krustentiere" title="Krustentiere">Krustentiere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<div style="float:right; margin-left:1em;"></div>
<p>Anabasein wurde als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung von Medikamenten gegen <a href="Schizophrenie" title="Schizophrenie">Schizophrenie</a>, <a href="Parkinson-Krankheit" title="Parkinson-Krankheit">Parkinson</a> und <a href="Alzheimer-Krankheit" title="Alzheimer-Krankheit">Alzheimer</a> verwendet. Ein Stoff, der hierbei entwickelt wurde und in klinischen Studien geprüft wurde, ist 3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyliden)anabasein, das aus Anabasein und 2,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyd synthetisiert wird.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-TRC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TRC_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TRC_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TRC_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TRC_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?A637150">Anabaseine</a></span> bei <i>Toronto Research Chemicals</i>, abgerufen am 27. Juli 2023 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trc-canada.com/prod-img/MSDS/A637150MSDS.pdf">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">William Kem, Ferenc Soti, Kristin Wildeboer, Susan LeFrancois, Kelly MacDougall, Dong-Qing Wei, Kuo-Chen Chou, Hugo Arias: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Nemertine Toxin Anabaseine and Its Derivative DMXBA (GTS-21): Chemical and Pharmacological Properties</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Marine_Drugs" title="Marine Drugs">Marine Drugs</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 6. April 2006, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>255–273</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/md403255">10.3390/md403255</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=The+Nemertine+Toxin+Anabaseine+and+Its+Derivative+DMXBA+%28GTS-21%29%3A+Chemical+and+Pharmacological+Properties&rft.au=William+Kem%2C+Ferenc+Soti%2C+Kristin+Wildeboer%2C+...&rft.date=2006-04-06&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fmd403255&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Marine+Drugs&rft.pages=255-273&rft.volume=4" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William R. Kem: <cite style="font-style:italic">A study of the occurrence of anabaseine in Paranemertes and other nemertines</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Toxicon" title="Toxicon">Toxicon</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Januar 1971, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>23–32</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101%2871%2990040-7">10.1016/0041-0101(71)90040-7</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=A+study+of+the+occurrence+of+anabaseine+in+Paranemertes+and+other+nemertines&rft.au=William+R.+Kem&rft.date=1971-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0041-0101%2871%2990040-7&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Toxicon&rft.pages=23-32&rft.volume=9" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. W. Wheeler, O. Olubajo, C. B. Storm, R. M. Duffield: <cite style="font-style:italic">Anabaseine: Venom Alkaloid of Aphaenogaster Ants</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Science" title="Science">Science</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>211</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4486</span>, 6. März 1981, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1051–1052</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.211.4486.1051">10.1126/science.211.4486.1051</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=Anabaseine%3A+Venom+Alkaloid+of+Aphaenogaster+Ants&rft.au=J.+W.+Wheeler%2C+O.+Olubajo%2C+C.+B.+Storm%2C+...&rft.date=1981-03-06&rft.doi=10.1126%2Fscience.211.4486.1051&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4486&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1051-1052&rft.volume=211" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">A. B. Attygalle, F. Kern, Q. Huang, J. Meinwald: <cite style="font-style:italic">Trail Pheromone of the Myrmicine Ant Aphaenogaster rudis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Naturwissenschaften" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturwissenschaften">Naturwissenschaften</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>85</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Januar 1998, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>38–41</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s001140050450">10.1007/s001140050450</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=Trail+Pheromone+of+the+Myrmicine+Ant+Aphaenogaster+rudis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=A.+B.+Attygalle%2C+F.+Kern%2C+Q.+Huang%2C+...&rft.date=1998-01&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs001140050450&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.pages=38-41&rft.volume=85" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Günther Raspotnig, Miriam Schaider, Petra Föttinger, Christian Komposch, Ivo Karaman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Journal_of_Chemical_Ecology" title="Journal of Chemical Ecology">Journal of Chemical Ecology</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>37</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, August 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>912–921</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-9996-2">10.1007/s10886-011-9996-2</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=Nitrogen-Containing+Compounds+in+the+Scent+Gland+Secretions+of+European+Cladonychiid+Harvestmen+%28Opiliones%2C+Laniatores%2C+Travunioidea%29&rft.au=G%C3%BCnther+Raspotnig%2C+Miriam+Schaider%2C+Petra+F%C3%B6ttinger%2C+...&rft.date=2011-08&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10886-011-9996-2&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.pages=912-921&rft.volume=37" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John A. Zoltewicz, Michael P. Cruskie: <cite style="font-style:italic">A SUPERIOR SYNTHESIS OF CHOLINERGIC ANABASEINE</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Organic Preparations and Procedures International</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>27</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, August 1995, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>510–513</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00304949509458490">10.1080/00304949509458490</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=A+SUPERIOR+SYNTHESIS+OF+CHOLINERGIC+ANABASEINE&rft.au=John+A.+Zoltewicz%2C+Michael+P.+Cruskie&rft.date=1995-08&rft.doi=10.1080%2F00304949509458490&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Organic+Preparations+and+Procedures+International&rft.pages=510-513&rft.volume=27" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William R. Kem: <cite style="font-style:italic">Alzheimer's drug design based upon an invertebrate toxin (anabaseine) which is a potent nicotinic receptor agonist</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Invertebrate Neuroscience</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2–3</span>, September 1997, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>251–259</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02480382">10.1007/BF02480382</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=Alzheimer%27s+drug+design+based+upon+an+invertebrate+toxin+%28anabaseine%29+which+is+a+potent+nicotinic+receptor+agonist&rft.au=William+R.+Kem&rft.date=1997-09&rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF02480382&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2-3&rft.jtitle=Invertebrate+Neuroscience&rft.pages=251-259&rft.volume=3" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Zawieja, Jean-Michel Kornprobst, Patrick Métais: <cite style="font-style:italic">3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine: A promising candidate drug for Alzheimer's disease?: Anabaseine for Alzheimer's disease?</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Geriatrics & Gerontology International</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, Juli 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>365–371</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00827.x">10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00827.x</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anabasein&rft.atitle=3-%282%2C4-Dimethoxybenzylidene%29-anabaseine%3A+A+promising+candidate+drug+for+Alzheimer%27s+disease%3F%3A+Anabaseine+for+Alzheimer%27s+disease%3F&rft.au=Philippe+Zawieja%2C+Jean-Michel+Kornprobst%2C+Patrick+M%C3%A9tais&rft.date=2012-07&rft.doi=10.1111%2Fj.1447-0594.2011.00827.x&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Geriatrics+%26+Gerontology+International&rft.pages=365-371&rft.volume=12" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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